Study in simple English

Practice test terms explained

Short definitions of common safety, IT, cloud, reading and road-safety words.

These definitions explain concepts, not legal or exam instructions. Use the course pages to learn each topic in context.

Access control: Rules deciding who can use a system or see information.
Availability: Keeping a system or service ready when people need it.
Availability Zone: An isolated group of cloud data centres inside a Region.
Backup: A separate copy of important data used if the main copy is lost.
Cloud computing: Using computing services like storage or servers over a network.
Competent person: For relevant OSHA rules, a person able to identify hazards and authorized to correct them.
Confidentiality: Keeping information away from people who are not allowed to see it.
Default gateway: The router used to reach destinations outside a local network.
DHCP: A service that gives devices IP settings automatically.
DNS: A system that helps turn domain names into network addresses.
Emergency action plan: Instructions for how people respond to emergencies at work.
Fall protection: Equipment and systems used to prevent or arrest a fall.
Fire exit: A route used to leave a building during an emergency.
GFCI: A device that quickly breaks a circuit when it detects an unsafe ground fault.
Hazard: Something that could cause injury, illness or other harm.
Hazard perception: Spotting a developing road danger and deciding how to respond safely.
Hierarchy of controls: A way to order safety actions, from removing danger to relying on PPE.
Inference: An idea supported by clues in a text but not always stated directly.
Integrity: Keeping information accurate and protected from unwanted changes.
IP address: A number used to identify a network interface for IP traffic.
Least privilege: Giving each person or service only the access needed for a task.
Lockout/tagout: A process to control dangerous energy before servicing equipment.
Multi-factor authentication: Signing in with evidence from more than one authentication category.
PaaS: Cloud services where the provider manages a platform for your applications.
Personal protective equipment: Wearable protection such as suitable gloves, eye protection or helmets.
Phishing: A deceptive message meant to trick someone into unsafe actions.
Practice score: A score from a study exercise, not an official exam result.
Prefix length: The number of bits that identify the network portion of an IP address.
Region: A geographic area used by a cloud provider to group infrastructure.
Safety Data Sheet: A document describing chemical hazards and how to handle a substance safely.
Scanning: Looking through a text for a specific detail or word.
Skimming: Reading quickly to understand the general idea.
Subnet: A defined part of a larger IP network.
VLAN: A way to split one physical network into logical groups.
Vulnerability: A weakness that an attacker or incident could exploit.

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